Showing posts with label coal. Show all posts
Showing posts with label coal. Show all posts

Thursday, January 8, 2015

HOW THE MOON WAS BROUGHT IN AND ICE AGES



I sent an e-mail to a friend describing how the moon was bought into orbit Around Earth using ortho-rotational physics. Yes it was brought in 11,720 years ago to replenish earth's atmosphere and take it out of the Ice Age. The Moon is hollow and has an ocean inside that is kept in one place by the Earth;s gravity. If you crank up the big paddle wheel in the center to rotate it the opposite direction of the Earth's rotation it will draw it toward Earth. If you rotate it the same as Earth's rotation it will go away.  
   
When I was describing how to move the moon toward or away from earth by rotating it different directions in accordance with the earth's rotation I forgot to mention colliding galaxies. I  have the coffee table sized book I bought in Anchorage Book Cash years ago titled Galaxies by Timothy Ferris.

The book shows many actual pictures of different galaxies and some of them are colliding. It also has computer simulations on what happens to them and their spiral arms after the collide and how the turn back into normal galaxies afterwards.
Both Brad Guth and myself noticed that galaxies that rotate the same direction repel each other and don't collide. Those the rotate in opposite directions collide. There are examples of collisions when they are angled different and what happens. It all boils down to gravity interaction of moving objects... Its right there in front of a person to see and understand but we need to boost our intelligence. The Germans were into that sort of thing back in WWII.

I'm reading this book called Passage of Souls by Gregory Little. Its a fascinating book. He excavated hundreds of burial mounds in Mississippi, Illinois, Ohio and other places. There are pictures in the book of various artifacts including stone discs depicting two snakes in a circle with their tails in their mouths and a severed hand in the middle with an eye located in the palm. The eye is a space portal in Messier-42 or M42 which is in Orion. The eye is called an ogee. When you die your soul has to make the leap toward Orion and pass through the ogee. On the way you will encounter at least two winged birds or beings that test you to see if you are worthy to enter the ogee. This reminds me of the Christian Angels that meet you at the Heavenly Gate to determine if you are fit to enter... According to the author the ogee is M-42. Attached is a picture. Is that where your soul goes when you die?

The last attachment is Banard's Loop dust cloud around Orion. I believe that explosion that kicked three 2-solar mass stars out of Orion was the event that marked the beginning of the first small Ice Ages when it broke our tractor beam with Sirius B around Sirius A kicked us out of orbit into an ellipse. 2.5 million years ago the temperature on Earth dropped from 63 degrees F down to 32 degrees F and that is where it is now. All prior geologic ages were 63 or more degrees and during the carboniferous when most of the carbon resources were made and trees were 1000 feet high it went up to 83 F. I have the Temperature graph but it was too big to put into the book. Its logarithmic and three feet long. 

ORION  IMAGE in Infrared. see attached
The familiar winter sky constellation Orion takes on a spectacular guise in the infrared, as seen in this false-color image constructed from data collected by IRAS, the Infrared Astronomical Satellite. This picture, covering about 30 x 24 degrees is a composite of IRAS wavelength band data centered at 12 microns, 60 microns, and 100 microns. New processing techniques have been used to enhance faint details and remove the instrumental artifacts (stripes) seen in earlier IRAS images. The warmest features, e.g. ~ the stars, are brightest at 12 microns. This emission is coded blue. The interstellar dust is cooler and shines brighter at 60 microns (coded green) and 100 microns (coded red).




The bright yellow region in the lower right of the picture is the Sword of Orion, containing the Great Orion Nebula (M42 and M43). Above it to the left is the nebulosity around the belt star Zeta Orionis which contains the often photographed Horsehead Nebula (barely visible as a small indentation on the right side). Higher and to the left is M78, a reflection nebula. The Rosette Nebula is the brightest object near the left margin of the picture.


Most of the visually bright stars of Orion are not prominent in the infrared. However, Betelgeuse can be easily seen in the upper center of the picture as a blue-white dot (the faint tail is an instrumental artifact). The large ring to the right of Betelgeuse is the remnant of a supernova explosion, centered around the star Lambda Orionis. These rings are quite common in the IRAS sky. Another one, fainter and larger, can be seen in the lower left quadrant of the image.
Credit: IRAS/IPAC
Finder Chart for M42 (also shown M43 and M78)

M-42 is the location of the ogee portal of the souls. Ancient American religion says that you will encounter winged birds that will test you to see if you are worthy to pass into the ogee.


To the naked eye M42 appears as a soft diffuse glow that surrounds the stars of the sword of Orion. When viewed through 10x50 binoculars it is a prominent feature, appearing large and bright. The centre region is obvious with parts of fainter nebulosity extending outwards towards the east and west in the shape of two wings. Two prominent bright stars are easily visible at the heart of M42. These stars are embedded within the Orion Nebula and form the famous multiple star Theta1 Orionis, commonly known as the Trapezium. The cluster, which is one of the most observed multiple star systems, consists of four bright members in the shape of a trapezoid plus a few fainter stars. A 80mm (3.1-inch) telescope at low/medium power will easily split the Trapezium into its main components; a fantastic sight combined with the surrounding nebula. The four brightest stars of the Trapezium have magnitudes of 5.1(C), 6.7(D), 6.7-7.7(A) and 8.0-8.7(B) respectively. Unusually, they are lettered in order of right ascension instead of magnitude, as common for other multiple stars. A challenge for observers of the Trapezium is to spot two of the fainter members, 11th magnitude stars E and F. They can be observed with apertures of only 80mm (3.1 inches) on nights of very good seeing, but much easier with telescopes of the order of 200mm (8 inches) or greater.
Inline image 1


The Trapezium (high magnification view)  Large telescopes reveal more intrigue details in M42. The view through a 200mm (8-inch) telescope is superb. At low magnifications, the Orion Nebula fills the field of view with significant amounts of structural detail visible as twists and wisps of cloud formations. The Trapezium is very evident and bright. Visually the Orion Nebula can often exhibit a green hue but photographically it appears mostly red.
The discovery of the Orion Nebula Nebula is generally credited to French astronomer Nicolas-Claude Fabri de Peiresc. He recorded it on November 26, 1610. It was then independently located by Johann Baptist Cysat in 1611. Surprisingly, neither Ptolemy's Almagest nor Al Sufi's Book of Fixed Stars noted this nebula, even though they both listed patches of nebulosity elsewhere in the night sky. Galileo Galilei made telescopic observations of the surrounding region in 1610 and 1617, but he also failed to notice the nebula. However, he did discover the Trapezium on February 4, 1617. This has led to some to speculate that a more recent flare-up of the illuminating stars may have increased the brightness of the nebula.

Inline image 2

The Orion Nebula is a spectacular deep sky object and one of the most famous of all. It is visible to the naked eye as a faint haze, is a wonderful sight in binoculars and spectacular in telescopes. You are looking at a stellar nursery where stars are been born. At the heart of the cluster and illuminating the surrounding area is a group of stars known as the Trapezium; a multiple star system consisting of four main bright members that are easily resolvable in small telescopes.
M42 is located 1340 light years from Earth and has a diameter of 24 light years. Located only 8 arc minutes north of M42 is M43, which is also part of the Orion Nebula. It is separated from the main nebula by a dark dust lane.



We got blasted out of our comfortable orbit around Sirius A following Sirius B after the Banard's Loop explosion in Orion that left a huge debris cloud that can be seen with the naked eye. It went off 3-million years ago kicking three two-solar mass stars into a triangle formation leaving Orion at 200 kilometers per second. Check out the book: COSMOLOGICAL ICE AGES.

That was the start of the recent Ice Age cycle on Earth 2.5 - MILLION YEARS AGO. We made 58 orbits around the 8- light years distant 3.5 solar mass Sirius A and B.
www.GuardDogBooks.com 

Friday, September 26, 2014

BIGGEST THREATS TO HUMANITY ON THE PLANET


BIGGEST THREATS TO HUMANS ON THE PLANET.

Here in Alaska we have lost a billion dollar a year crab fishery in lower Cook Inlet that went directly into the pockets of the common folk and nobody seems to understand or care. Between the EXXON VALDEZ oil spill and the ongoing oil tanker discharges is a wonder we have any fishery at all.

Discharges of oil from shipping, offshore extraction of oil, and transport of oil in pipelines is the result of either accidents or "normal", deliberate operational discharges. Accidental discharges (oil spills) occur when vessels collide or come in distress at sea (engine breakdown, fire, explosion) and break open, or run aground close to the shore, or when there is a blowout of an offshore oil well, or when a pipeline breaks. Much can be done to avoid accidents, but there will always be unfortunate circumstances and situations that cause accidents to happen. Operational discharges, on the other hand, are mostly deliberate and "routine", and can to a very large extent be effectively controlled and avoided. It is much a question combining available technical solutions with information, education and a change of attitude among ship-owners, mariners, offshore platform and pipeline operators.

FROM SHIPS
Ship-related operational discharges of oil include the discharge of bilge water from machinery spaces, fuel oil sludge, and oily ballast water from fuel tanks. Also other commercial vessels than tankers contribute operational discharges of oil from machinery spaces to the sea. Cargo-related operational discharges from tankers include the discharge of tank-washing residues and oily ballast water.
Before international regulations were introduced to prevent oil pollution from ships, the normal practice for oil tankers was to wash out the cargo tanks with water and then pump the resulting mixture of oil and water into the sea. Also, oil cargo or fuel tanks were used for ballast water and, consequently, oil was discharged into the sea when tankers flushed out the oil-contaminated ballast water to replace it with new oil.
  • Crude oil washing systems (COW) means that the cargo tanks, where tankers carry the oil they transport, are cleaned by means of high-pressure flushing with crude oil ("oil to remove oil") or crude oil plus water. This reduces the quantity of oil remaining on board after discharge. The residues from such tank washing are pumped into slop tanks and left in a reception facility in port.
  • Segregated ballast tanks (SBT). Ballast water is taken on board to maintain stability, such as when a vessel is sailing empty to pick up cargo or after having unloaded cargo. Ballast water contained in segregated ballast tanks never come into contact with either cargo oil or fuel oil.
  • Clean ballast tanks. To have so-called dedicated clean ballast tanks (CBT) means that specific cargo tanks are dedicated to carry ballast water only.
  • Operational oil separation and filtering equipment with an automatic stopping device. Bilge water is produced when the machinery spaces of a vessel are cleaned. Leaking cooling water often becomes contaminated with fuel oils and lubricant oils. Vessels in operation produce oil-contaminated bilge water to a variable extent. With the right equipment on board, dirty bilge water can be processed in a way that separates most of the oil from the water before it is discharged into the sea. If the oil content exceeds the limit, the discharge is automatically stopped (bilge alarm).
In a sea area with Special Area status under the international MARPOL Convention Annex I (so far, only the Mediterranean Sea area, the Baltic Sea area, the Red Sea area, the Gulf of Aden area, the Antarctic area, and the North West European waters) , it is altogether forbidden for oil tankers to discharge oil, oily sludge and oil-contaminated residues from tank washing, or heavily oil-contaminated ballast water. All oily wastes (mixtures) must be kept on board and stored in so-called slop tanks until the vessel reaches a reception facility in port. Furthermore, it is not allowed to discharge bilge water unless it has been properly cleaned and contains no more than 15 mg of oil per litre.
Most sea areas are not Special Areas, but in accordance with international regulations under MARPOL, attempts are nevertheless made to make large oil tankers and product carriers have equipment for crude oil washing and segregated ballast tanks. According to MARPOL Annex I, adopted in 1978, all new crude oil tankers of 20,000 dwt and above, and all new product carriers (30,000 dwt and above), must have SBT. Existing tankers over 40,000 dwt must be fitted either with SBT or with COW systems. For an interim period it was also allowed for some tankers to use CBT.
All oil tankers and other large vessels must be fitted with the equipment described above for bilge water cleaning. However, it has been emphasized that bilge water also contains traces of detergents used in the cleaning process. When mixed, the residues of oil and detergents form a stable emulsion with another density than oil. This sometimes milk-like but highly oil-contaminated mixture is not always "recognized" by the separation and filtering equipment, and thus discharged into the sea.

FROM OFFSHORE DRILLING:
Operational discharges in the offshore exploration for and extraction of oil and natural gas include operational wastes, such as drilling fluids/drilling muds, produced formation waters and formation cuttings, and machinery space discharges.
During drilling, specially formulated drilling fluids/drilling muds are used to cool and lubricate the drill bit, control pressure and bring the cuttings (rock or sand from a borehole) back to the surface. The mud is pumped down the drill pipe and into the hole at high velocity through nozzles in the drill bit. Drilling muds are usually a mixture of water, clay, a weighting material (usually barite), and various chemicals. Drilling muds are most commonly based on water (WBM), but in some cases mineral oil (OBM) or synthetics (SBM) is believed to be more biodegradable. Although the use of WBM is preferred, sometimes OBM or SBM has to be used when drilling conditions are more difficult. Inevitably, when drilling with OBM, rock cuttings are contaminated with oil from the muds. In the past when working offshore, these cuttings were often discharged into sea, in accordance with local regulation. Where OBM is used offshore, the spent mud and cuttings are now re-injected or transported to shore for treatment and disposal, or recycling. (The fluid is recycled through a circulation system where equipment mounted on the drilling rig separates out the drill cuttings and allows the clean fluid to be pumped back down into the hole.) The objective of environmental management of drilling operations is to attempt to minimise the potential environmental impacts (see APPEA and OEF).
Where one finds oil, one often also finds water. The water is either naturally present or has been injected into the reservoir to maintain pressure for production. The proportion of water produced increases as the oil field matures. As oil is drawn from a reservoir, it is therefore necessary to separate the water and return it to the ocean. This is what is known as produced formation water (PFW). Great emphasis is placed on ensuring that the water returned to the ocean is as free as possible from oil and chemicals. Strict regulations apply on how much petroleum hydrocarbon is contained in PFW. The objective of environmental management of produced water is to reduce the quantity and to improve the quality of discharged produced water (see APPEA and OEF).
As an oil well is drilled, the drill cuttings, consisted of crushed rock and clay, are brought to the surface by the drilling fluid/drilling mud and discharged overboard. New measures to reduce discharges, such as re-injecting the cuttings into the well, and slim hole drilling, are being examined and tested by the industry (see APPEA). According to Statoil, it ranks today as a tried and tested technology.
Similar to the bilge water from machinery spaces in ships, oil platform machinery space drainage is an oil-containing mixture. Operational oil separation and filtering equipment is thus needed to clean the drainage before it is discharged into the sea. If such equipment is not installed, the oily drainage should be kept on board until it can be transported to a reception facility.

FROM OFFSHORE PIPELINES:

There is no certain figure of how many miles of offshore pipelines there is in the world today. One estimation, published in the 2002 U.S. National Research Council (NRC) report, is 82,748 miles (about 52,000 kilometres) of pipelines. Operational discharges from offshore oil pipelines usually consist of chemical discharges during construction, hydrostatic testing, commissioning, pigging, and maintenance of the pipeline systems. Pipeline discharges usually contain corrosion and scale inhibitors, biocides, oxygen scavengers, and other agents. However, pipelines can also continuously leak oil in small quantities, although the line is intact. (When a pipeline breaks, however, the spill will be an acute one, like any other accidental oil spill.) Technical systems to detect and locate such smaller leaks are required as a means to avoid discharge of oil into the marine environment — as well as to save money for the pipeline operator.

Wednesday, April 17, 2013

MY BOOK, COSMOLGICAL ICE AGES


I am author of the 380+ page book: COSMOLOGICAL ICE AGES. My research team found that early earth about the time life got started was 50 bars or around 750 PSI. One has to consider that the earth almost doubled in diameter since the Cambrian Era. This would have taken the atmosphere down at around 200 to 300 PSI during the Carboniferous Era 400-million years ago. Hard coal seams 100-feet thick and limestone layers 12,500 feet thick created by plant organisms in shallow seas (calcium carbonate) and diatoms filled up the oceans during this 80-million year warming period when the average global temperature was 80 to 85 degrees F. It too light to lay down all that carbon with photosynthesis and the sun burned 30% less than what it does today. Obviously another setllar object is responsible for creating our carbon resources. Antarctic ice core graphs show that the ice ages were much shorter as you go back in time. This is an indication that our sun is in orbit around smoething else that imparts additional light and heat.










The sun could never get through early Earth’s atmosphere to get plants to grow to release free oxygen 750-milllion years ago because the air was 2,800 miles deep. It took the power of a white dwarf putting out 100+ times the UV of our sun to make all the coal, oil and limestone on Earth. It also took a lot of CO2. Coal formed during the Carboniferous is over 100 feet thisck some places. Hard coal is formed from plants with a 40 to one comprssion ratio. It took over 4000 feet of plant carbon to form 100 fee of coal. If you want to know what the early atmosphere was like simply tally up all the metric tons of coal, oil and limestone and turn it back into CO2.

The doubling of the Earth's size is due to two factors, incoming material and mid ocean volcanic rifts. The expansion can be measured by measuring the distance between the Hawaiian Islands on Google Earth. The Hawaiian islands are formed by one volcanic hot spot. As the Earth expands it forms a new island. First type in Age of Hawiian Islands. Subtract the age of the big island Hawaii 400,000 years from Kawaii. Divide the distance in inches by the age difference and you get an expansion of the Pacific plates of 5-inches per year. Take it from there…


By the way, where do you think all the carbon on earth came from? The sun dosn’t make carbon. It is a middle aged star. It takes a giant red star to make carbon and iron. Hint! Sirius B at 8.5 LY was 6 solar masses before it became a white dwarf of 1.4 solar masses. We are traveling toward the 3.5 solar mass Sirius A and B at 7.5 kilometers per second and accelerating due to the galaxy mass and other stars in the area… We made 58 orbits aroud these objects within the last 3-million years.





It was the additional light and heat from thes objects that created our coal, oil and limestone on Earth. When you are driving your car down the road or heating your house you are recycling stellar energy that didn’t come from the sun… Most of the free oxygen you are currently sucking into your lungs wasn’t made by sunlight. It came from the objects we are in orbit around. To disccover when we got captured by the Sirius multiple star system read the book…


Humans are not from this planet. If you don’t believe me take off all your cloths and go into the woods to see how long you will last. Where is the fossil record for modern humans? The Eloheim or Anunnaki genetically engineered man to survive on this planet. We have 98% of the DNA of a chimp–only two less chromosomes. One is missing and two are fused together to make man. The Gods departed giving mankind dominion over all the planet. When they return to find that half the plant and animal species are extinct, half the plankton in the oceans is missing, 2/3rds the rainforests have been cut down and the atmospher is radioactive due to the many thousands of nuclear bombs that were exploded and various reactor melt downs there will be Hell to pay…

We are not seeing any coal, oil or limestone being made right now from sunlight because earth is still in the Ice Age with average golbal temperatures of 32 degrees F.


Right now the atmosphere is only 60-miles deep. We have lost 98% of our atmosphere on this planet AKA radiation and meteor shield. Get ready for the next big one! We need to become conscious and seed life in other biospheres off this planet.
Note the remote controls ( I PHONES) in their hands and the dumb human worshiping them.... One of the cylinders is broken. Below is a picture of the inside of a flying saucer. My book, COSMOLOGICAL ICE AGES can be purchased from www.Trafford.com  or   www.Amazon.com, or www.AlaskaPublishing.com
www.GuardDogBooks.com



ruth
Apr 16, 2013 18:08
Wow, this post is nice, my sister is analyzing these kinds of things,
therefore I am going to let know her.

Thursday, January 31, 2013

Earth has lost 98% of its atmosphere...


My book research for COSMOLOGICAL ICE AGES shows that after our sun was born in Orion and drifted out into the cold of space Earth froze up for a billion years known as the Huronian Glaciation. A billion years is a long time for nothing to happen. One mile deep ice covered the single ocean and a five-mile deep sheet of ice covered the single continent. 

Eventually our solar system drifted between the two-solar mass stars Procyon and Sirius. There was no way to get out of the billion years ice age because Earth had a 750 PSI atmosphere that was over 3,000 miles deep. You would never see the sun with such an atmosphere. There are times when you can't see the sun today with only a 14.5 psi atmosphere that is only 60-miles deep.

FYI: Venus is much closer to the sun than Earth and it still has a high pressure atmosphere of 117 pounds per square inch which is more than 100 times what we have on Earth right now.

Eventually our got captured by Sirius. Little Sirius B, the size of Earth but with 1.5 solar mass putting out more than 100 times the UV light of our sun conducive to plant growth. Little Sirius B with 1.5 solar mass grabbed hold of our sun putting us in orbit around Sirius A and we had multiple suns in the sky but you could only see Sirius A and B not the sun because the atmosphere was still at around 700 PSI.

Eventually a hundred million years of photosynthesis took the atmosphere down to around 300 PSI during the Carboniferous 380-million years ago. Photosynthesis removed the carbon CO2 atmosphere down releasing free oxygen with photosynthesis as coal 100 feet thick and limestone in the shallow seas was created 12,500 feet thick in some places. You got to understand that to make one foot of hard coal (anthracite) takes 40 feet of trees and grass compressed down. A hundred foot layer of coal took 4000 feet of plant growth. We are not seeing such plant growth today because Earth has lost 98% of its atmospher! 

Diatoms, with the unique ability to multiply 5 times in 24 hours given 24 hours of light from multiple suns completely filled up ocean basins. Incoming meteors instantly united the hydrogen and oxygen in the water with the calcium carbonate to make hydrocarbons crude oil. Most oil basins are ancient meteor impact zones...check it out.

I could have not written this book twenty years ago because the data wasn't available. I used every available field of science including Antarctic Ice Core graphs of methane, CO2, temperature and snow fall. Campbell and Moore tallied up the red shift of 2149 near by bright stars to determine that our solar system is traveling toward Hercules at 19.5 kilometers per second. I drew a line from Hercules through the middle of a star constellation chart extending beyond the middle and it winds up in Orion. Orion is a birthplace for stars and it is the nearest birthplace so we (our sun) must have been born in Orion. We were in a tight orbit around Sirius for 750-million years. The light from these objects created our carbon resources not the sun. 

Right now we are traveling toward Sirius A and B at 7.5 kilometer per second. Our solar system's mass is 2.0 e 30. Sirius A and B has a mass of 6.8 e 30. Procyon has a mass of about 6 e 30. The galaxy gravity is in that direction transmitted in a Fibonacci spiral through billions of stars. To calculate gravity you have to multiply mass difference times four due to the galaxy gravity behind these objects.  
Our orbit period id 105,000 years which matches Ice Ages.


Eight years ago Scientists measured the lung cavities of dinosaurs to determine that Earth's atmosphere 65-+ million years ago had to be around 30 to 60 PSI to keep the animals alive because their lungs were too small. 

Scientists in Washington State measured the fossil remains of rain to discover the drops were much smaller theorizing that the air pressure had to be double what it is today. 
  
Higher Oxygen & Air Pressure: The Necessities

Both evolutionists and many creationists believe the earth, at one time, had higher oxygen levels then it does today. Many evolutionists, in fact, propose that low levels of oxygen led to the extinction of the dinosaurs (coupled with other factors). The reasons for this belief are abundant, and some of them we will touch upon.

The timetables for which these environmental altering events occurred, however, are vastly different between the evolutionist and creationist. The former places such changes during the periods of the Triassic, Jurassic, etc., millions of years ago. The latter places the changes during one cataclysmic event, with that event having occurred only some thousands of years ago. The two perspectives are polar opposites, and yet, share a bit of common ground.

For one, both see that higher oxygen levels and great air pressure are necessities. Realize that when we use the word both, we are not speaking of both camps entirely. There are obviously differing views.

Why are such conditions necessities? Here are some reasons.


Higher Oxygen: Evidence & Reasons

Big Bugs & Research At ASU[17]

Evolutionary scientists know full-well that dragonflies as large as hawks and cockroaches big enough to take on house cats thrived during the Paleozoic era (245-570 million years ago, according to their timescale). One physiologist, John Harrison, has been particularly fascinated with such creatures. Harrison is a professor of biology at Arizona State University, and wanted to know why insects of long ago grew to be so large. He and his colleagues believed the answer to be in how insects breathe, and they are busy studying how the respiratory physiology of modern insects affects their body size.

Air breathing animals breathe with lungs. Insects, rather than lungs, breathe with a network of tiny tubes called tracheae. Air enters the tubes through a row of holes along an insect’s abdomen, and then diffuses down the blind-ended tracheae. In terms of the subject at hand, it is here where the rubber meets the road, because the distance oxygen can travel down the tracheae is dependant upon its concentration in the air. Theoretically, then, if atmospheric oxygen is doubled, it will make it twice as far. If an insect has a longer trachea, therefore, one should expect that the insect will need higher oxygen to breathe.

The question is, can all this be tested? In an attempt to do just that, Harrison studied and continues to study some of the larger insects of our day in his ASU laboratory; namely grasshoppers and dragonflies. What he has found is revealing. The insects’ activity is affected by the amount of oxygen in the atmosphere, and just as the theory predicts, the effect is more pronounced in the largest specimens. The biggest bugs have the longest trachea, and therefore need the most oxygen.

For the remaining skeptics, there is one last test that should be made ... and has been made. If the theory be true, then smaller insects with shorter trachea should be able to deliver adequate oxygen to the tissues even in a low-oxygen atmosphere, and this difference should be most obvious when the smaller and larger insects are forced to engage in oxygen consuming activity, such as flying or jumping.

Simply put, this is exactly what Harrison has seen in his laboratory, and not with different kinds of insects, but with different sizes of the same kind of insect.

Harrison and graduate student Scott Kirkton tested the aerobic performance of grasshoppers given varying amounts of oxygen, and found that smaller grasshoppers can hop nonstop in atmospheric oxygen levels lower then that of our own (21%). In fact, the smallest grasshoppers didn't even have problems in oxygen as low as 5%.

As for the larger grasshoppers? They were quite the contrast from their smaller brothers and sisters, as they tired out faster and their hopping rates rapidly dropped to zero. When extra doses of oxygen were given, however, they began jumping more, strongly suggesting an oxygen-stimulated boost which increased their performance.

The same was seen with dragonflies. As has been shared, fossil dragonflies the size of hawks have been discovered. A dragonfly of such size calls for a dragonfly with a long trachea, and in experiments where oxygen levels were greatly reduced, the dragonflies, not even half as large as their fossil ancestors, went from effortless flight to desperate exertion. The specimens couldn't even get off the ground at the lowest oxygen levels!

This is because the flight muscle of an insect burns more oxygen than any other animal tissue, and scientists know this well. It is a powerful, beautifully designed machine, depending on oxygen to run akin to a car depending on gas. The fact is this: the amount of oxygen supplied to an insect’s muscles, such as those of a dragonfly, directly depends on the amount of oxygen in the air. Therefore, the results of Harrison's experiments make perfect sense, and shed light on the type of atmosphere insects of such large size, such as dragonflies, grasshoppers, etc., would need in order to survive.

Arguments & Objections

As stated before, many evolutionists believe the earth had higher oxygen levels in the past (millions of years ago), as do many creationists (before the flood, thousands of years ago). Some creationists, however, are reluctant to believe such, citing that the Bible isn't clear on the subject and that other factors could contribute to gigantism in the insect world. True, but the Bible isn't clear on a number of scientific subjects, so it is an empty argument. Also, such creationists who cite the contrary do not provide plausible explanations.

Some espouse that gigantism was a result of purer genes, which consequently mutated after the flood (as a result of bottleneck). This argument, however, holds little weight, as flood-believers know full well that insects were not taken on the ark, and therefore would not have had a bottleneck problem (where a small number of individuals were left to breed. Insects can survive flood scenarios better than animals can).

The second argument is that some insects can increase oxygen delivery by a mechanical pumping action of their bodies, and therefore aren't as dependant on oxygen levels. While this is true of some insects, it doesn't explain all of them. Furthermore, and more importantly, Harrison's experiments strongly refute such an argument. The larger grasshoppers and dragonflies were not able to cope with lower oxygen levels, while the smaller specimens were able to. It is clear, then, that the larger grasshoppers and dragonflies were not able to utilize any type of pumping action to accommodate their altered environment.

The third and final objection is that not all fossil insects are of large proportions. Notice that this argument fails to deal with the ones that are large. Consequently, it is irrelevant.

In short, both evolutionists and creationists who take umbrage against the theory need to provide convincing counter-arguments. The evidence can't be ignored.


Greater Air Pressure: Evidence & Reasons

Quetzalcoatlus & The Problem Of Overheating[18]

Even if we could bring dinosaurs back to life, it wouldn't be enough, says Octave Levenspiel, an emeritus professor of chemical engineering at Abiqua State University. According to him, one thing stands in the way, and that's the earth's present atmosphere, which may be only one-eighth as dense as it was many years ago.

"Today's South American condors - with their 12-foot wingspans and 25-pound weight - are the largest creatures that can support and propel themselves through the air according to basic aerodynamic principles," said Levenspiel. "The pterosaur quetzalcoatlus had a wingspan of more than 45 feet - half that of a Boeing 737 - and weighed more than 150 pounds. Either it couldn't fly - but it did or the atmosphere had to be much denser at the time."

Levenspiel postulates the earth's atmosphere was at least eight times denser "100 million years ago." Much less power is needed to fly at greater atmospheric pressures, so such conditions would have given the largest pterosaurs a much easier time flying.

Not only that, but according to Levenspiel, the giant land-dwelling dinosaurs would overheat today for the same reason. "When creatures become very large, they have more trouble removing heat," he said. "A denser atmosphere removes heat faster. An atmosphere eight times denser would have allowed the giant dinosaurs to survive."

In other words, sticking a large dinosaur in a modern-day theme park wouldn't just be a walk in the park. Your dinosaurs would, sadly again, go extinct.

Arguments & Objections

Some simply think the Quetzalcoatlus could fly in an atmosphere like ours today. Like a hand glider, it would have just needed to pick a suitable spot with enough distance to run and height enough to jump from. Obviously, such a situation would be awkward, and just plain silly. As for large dinosaurs and overheating, it is possible that they possessed some type of internal mechanism for keeping them cool, but evidence of such has not been found.

Greater Air Pressure: Evidence & Reasons

Ancient Amber & Ancient Air[18]

As displayed above, many articles have appeared in recent years discussing the topic of ancient amber and oxygen levels. In short, the evidence seems clear. Earth's atmosphere once contained more oxygen, specifically around 35% (as opposed to today's 21%). Tiny bubbles of ancient air trapped by successive flows of tree resin have been discovered in ancient amber, and analyses of the gases in these bubbles reveal these startling numbers. Lest the skeptic argue insufficient testing, the results were based on more than 300 analyses by USGS scientists. Interestingly, the amber samples were also from different evolutionary periods ... the Cretaceous, Tertiary, etc., and even came from 16 world sites. The oldest sample tested was said to be about 130 million years old.

Arguments & Objections

The only argument given (and a very poor one) is the idea that some amber bubbles don't contain such high levels of oxygen. Notice that this argument is identical to the one in reference to large insects ... that is, "that not all fossil insects are of large proportions." As stated earlier, so we'll state again. This argument fails to deal with the samples that do contain higher oxygen levels. Furthermore, it is easier to make sense of amber bubbles that contain lower oxygen levels, as leakage could have taken place. However, endeavoring to make sense of amber bubbles that contain more oxygen is indeed rather a more difficult task.

Friday, November 18, 2011

Energy that makes your car go didn't come from the sun.


Coal and oil was made by light from Sirius not the sun.
Back in the 1970’s I lived in Halibut Cove 13 years. Halibut Cove is located on the south side of Kachemak Bay from the city of Homer. Each fall I’d tow a 30-foot scow six miles across the bay to McNeil Canyon to mine coal. We heated our houses with it and cooked with it along with some wood. What’s this got to do with Sirius? Hang on and I will tell you.

I used to make two or three trips over there every fall. I’d mine 8 tons to keep my family warm all winter and five or six tons each for my two elderly neighbors who were in there eighties. They didn’t do much but sit around play solitary and drink home brew. They made great home brew by the way. One glass of that stuff and you had trouble walking home.

On either side of McNeil Canyon are steep bluffs that get knocked down by south west storms at high tide. As the bluff gets washed away the coal seams break off and fall onto the beach. Some of the chunks of coal measure four or five feet thick by five feet. The coal mining process is simple. My neighbors also mined it and we shared information as to the best methods. I used a wheelbarrow and a wood splitting maul. I’d put the smaller pieces in the wheelbarrow and run down the beach and up a 12-inch wide plank and upend the wheelbarrow onto the scow. If you accidently ran off the side of the plank you took a nasty spill and had to reload the wheelbarrow and make another run at it.  When the smaller chunks were all picked up I’d whack away on the big ones with the maul. The lignite and bituminous soft coal is laid down in layers and has a grain to it enabling a person to split large slabs from it.

I could see fossilized trees in the coal and imprints of large leaves. We are not seeing coal being made today because it is not warm enough and there isn’t enough incoming light. Also the atmosphere is much thinner than it was in ancient times. In order to make coal you have to have a source of carbon and I assume most of the carbon came out of the air from carbon dioxide. Most or our atmosphere on Earth came out of volcanoes in the form of CO2. Volcanoes also spew a lot of water, sulfur steam.

When I was writing the book about Sirius and studying the Antarctic and Greenland ice core data I realized all the carbon resources were laid down by UV light that makes plants grow then I realized that practically everything we eat, use and wear was made by UV light and most of it came from Sirius B. Then I thought back to the times I used to mine coal. I called the University of Alaska and asked the head coal expert how old the layers of coal were in the Homer area. The info I got back was the layers were 3 and 6 million years old. This didn’t make any sense at all so I sent them $15 for an 8000 page CD on all their coal research. I read most of it which was mostly info on how much coal there was in Cook Inlet.

Finally I accidently talked to an old geologist in Sterling who explained to me how coal is formed. Soft coal like bituminous and lignite is compressed with a 20 to 1 ratio. In other words it takes twenty feet of grass and trees compressed down to make one foot of coal. Now hard coal is made with a 40 to 1 compression. To make a 100 foot of anthracite hard coal like is in Pennsylvania, Utah, Wyoming and other places that was laid down during the 80-milliion years Carboniferous Era it takes 4000 feet of trees and grass (carbon).
The 58 layers of the soft stuff that I was mining was formed within the last three million years. Each layer of coal was separated by eight to ten feet of glacier silt and rounded glacier gravel the size of your fist and larger. In between there were thin layers of volcanic ash which was to be expected. Finally I realized that each layer of coal represented an Ice Age where mile high sheets of ice covered the area and there were 58 of them. The first Ice Ages were short the layers of coal thicker but as the ice ages got longer due to our increasing longer deteriorating orbit around Sirius the coal layers became thinner.

The point is all the evidence of our Sirius orbit is right there in front of us if you have eyes to see it. I apologize for the long post but I don’t see any other way to explain this.

China is building one coal generating plant a month. We haven’t built one in four years. All that Sirius photon energy laid down over hundreds of millions of years is being released into our environment in a couple hundred years. It isn’t just the carbon that is being released into the atmosphere. Radioactive radon gas is released along with radium particles that float in the upper atmosphere around the globe increasing cancer rates. Thorium is also being released and cesium gas. We haven’t got a clue as to what we are doing to ourselves and the environment and the rich want to keep it that way because they are making trillions off from our labor. I am convinced we are on the wrong evolutionary path. Then again, all our problems may be solved by the next extinction. We are due for one as they occur at regular intervals every 27-million years.
The book is: COSMOLOGICAL ICE AGES.          WWW.GuardDogBooks.com        or www.AlaskaPublishing.com